Solar Energy Essays (1618 words) - Renewable Energy,

Sun based Energy Since the time the beginning of time, the sun has been an asset we can't live or do without, so its not such a stun, that man has thought of the possibility of sun powered vitality. Sunlight based vitality had numerous employments. Some can be perilous and somewhere in the range of, a very significant resource for the cutting edge world. I. What is sun oriented vitality? A. Who was the first individual to utilize sun oriented vitality? B. When was it utilized? C. Where was sun based vitality first put to utilize? II. What are a portion of the employments of sun oriented vitality? A. Sun powered rooftop 1. Who imagined it? 2. When was it designed? 3. What was it utilized for? 4. How accomplishes it work? B. Sun based cooker 1. Who concocted the first? 2. When was it created? 3. How can it work? 4. What is it utilized for? C. Sun oriented stove 1. Who created it? 2. When was it created? 3. What does it resemble? 4. How does it work? III. What are a portion of the threats of sun based energy(used today or something else) A. Laser 1. What's going on here? 2. How accomplishes laser work? B. Bright Rays (UV beams) 1. Who found UV beams? 2. When was it found? 3. How is it hazardous? 4. How might we shield ourselves from this? IV. Decision A. What are a few employments of sun oriented vitality around our family unit? 1. Show a few models C. Musings on Solar vitality 1. What we consider sun powered vitality 2. Survey results A Crude Resource: Solar Energy and Its Many Uses Ever since the beginning of time, the sun has been an asset we can't live or manage without, so its not such a stun that man has thought of the possibility of sun oriented vitality. Sunlight based vitality had numerous employments. Some can be hazardous and somewhere in the range of, a truly significant advantage for the advanced world. Sunlight based vitality is vitality gotten from the sun in a type of bright beams. Its was first applied to use in 212 B.C., by the Greek virtuoso Archimedes. Sunlight based vitality was utilized to safeguard the habor of Syracuse against the Roman armada. Archimedes utilized a mirror or consuming mirror as they had called it, to set fire to the boats of the Roman armadas while remaining on shore (McDaniels 83). It wasn't until 1615 when Salomon de Caux built the primary sunlight based gadget; a sunlight based motor. His gadget was made of glass focal points, supporting casing, and an water/air proof metal vessel containing water and air. This created a little water wellspring when the air warmed up during activity. This was viewed as additional of a toy than a gadget, however it was the primary distributed record of the utilization of sun based vitality since the fall of the Roman Empire (Cheremisinoff 1). Some other utilization of sunlight based vitality after that was the sun powered rooftop and the sun oriented stove. The sunlight based rooftop was brainstormed by Harold Hay. In a sun powered rooftop framework, water is contained in an unmistakable plastic sack and it is put on a dark metal rooftop. Roughage got the thought while going in India on a specialized guide crucial the U.S government. While there, he saw that numerous individuals were living in corroded, sheet metal shacks, which were hot in the day and cold around evening time. Roughage's arrangement was to evacuate the protection from the rooftop on winter days with the goal that the rooftop would get hot, and Supplanting the protection around evening time to permit the shack to be warm through the night. At that point in the mid year, he would so the opposite of what he did in winter to let the house cool around evening time and supplanting the protection in the daytime to square out the warmth. At that point throughout the years, Hay and a man named John Yellott developed a 3-by 3.7-m building utilizing water bowls as the genuine roofing material. During the mid year, a section of froth protection was moved back around evening time, and the water would get cold during that time sky vanishing. Since the water flexibly sat straightforwardly on a metal roof, it ingested the warmth from the room and kept the building cooled throughout the day. Throughout the winter, the mobile protection was moved back in the daytime which took into account it to gather heat. This produced enough warmth into the house through the roof around evening time to keep the room agreeable (McDaniels 179-181). At that point there was the sun oriented cooker. Created by Augustin Mouchot in France and by John Ericsson in

India-US Relations and its Implications for Pakistan

India-US Relations and its Implications for Pakistan Theoretical With the rise of the United States as the most remarkable on-screen character on the planet, India re-balanced its international strategy and started to work all the more intimately with this sole superpower. US responded by supporting Indias race to accomplish the status of a Great Power in the 21st century and striking an arrangement for broad key organization. The US Indo vital relationship, regardless of the vital connection between the United States and Pakistan, could expand asymmetry to be decided of intensity among Pakistan and India, which may bring down the atomic limit between the forceful neighbors. Requirement for the task To conquer the issues and think of the best possible arrangements. Writing audit Pakistan and India needs to determine their reciprocal issues all alone. The US have urged them to determine their issues by harmony talks however US would not engage in it. US have significance of its relationship with every one of the two nations. They do perceive that for India and Pakistan there are numerous extraordinary issues between them that would be settled by exchange. (Cardin, 2016) The US has additionally opened all entryways of military and innovation to India, and furthermore supported Israel and different partners to do too. India has been the universes biggest arms merchant, for most recent 8 years and purchasing over a $100 billion in weapons yearly, 66% of which are conveyed against Pakistan. Furthermore, US political and military help supports India in its forceful conduct towards Pakistan. It isn't likely that Pakistan experiences inadvertent blow-back the United States outfitting of India against China. The US has forced officially and casually oppressive and serious confinements on Pakistans picking up of cutting edge and double use advancements and weaponry frameworks from the United States or partnered sources. US additionally restricts the protective reaction of Pakistan towards Indias develop: fissile material creation, long-run rockets and theater atomic weapons. Weight on China has been applied not to move any propelled weapons and innovations t o Pakistan. Except if this situation is changed, the capacities of Pakistan for regular resistance and the atomic discouragement against India could be altogether dissolved. (AKRAM, 2016) US having tilt towards India in these ongoing years, Rabbani expressed that United States has a concurrence on common atomic collaboration with India, however it won't offer Pakistan any comparative arrangement, providing reason to feel ambiguous about a Pakistans utility for the United States when significant battle activity have been winded down in Afghanistan. (Raza Khan, 2016) The job of United States in the locale has advanced as of late. The relations between United States and India have been bloomed while the relations between United States and Pakistan have gotten progressively upset. Before, Pakistan sought after U.S. contribution as an approach to internationalize the disagreement regarding Kashmir, while India has effectively restricted any United States strategy enthusiasm for a goals for the Kashmir issue. India has not been urgently inviting the intercession of United States except if it accompanied vows to drive Pakistan to get serious about gatherings that assaulted India. In the interim, the vast majority of the Pakistanis most likely don't trust U.S. to be a legit merchant in territorial debates. (DALTON, 2016) US interests in the South Asian area, despite the fact that not essential, yet are significant and expanding. These premiums incorporates the avoidance of a significant war or further atomic expansion; expanding financial development, investmentâ and exchange; advancing extreme majority rule establishments; and participating on the issues running from upgrading solidness across Asia in battling psychological warfare and medication dealing. The finish of the Cold War ought to permit a critical improvement of shared relations among Washington and both New Delhi and Islamabad which are the two head South Asian states. In any case, holding onto this open door will require extra imaginative reasoning and able strategy. (Rose, 1997) Speculation USA imparts great connections to Pakistan and India and wouldn't like to make precariousness between them however India will utilize its connection with USA against Pakistan. Research Methodology Auxiliary information, incorporates books, diary articles and news stories. Target of Research This examination will help in understanding the intricacy of the relations between US-India-Pakistan References AKRAM, M. (2016, April 20). The Indo-US collusion. First light News. Cardin, B. (2016, June 1). Effect of US-India relations on Pakistan talked about. First light News. DALTON, T. (2016). Pakistan: Challenges for U.S. Interests. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Raza Khan. (2016, May 11). Connection among Pakistan and United States is imbalanced. Day break. Rose, G. (1997). A New U.S. Approach Toward India and Pakistan. Gathering on Foreign Relations Press.

The 31 Best LinkedIn Profile Tips for Job Seekers

The 31 Best LinkedIn Profile Tips for Job Seekers “Active participation on LinkedIn is the best way to say, Look at me! without saying Look at me!”  ? Bobby DarnellLinkedIn is your savior when you are struggling to find your dream job. It is a revolutionary and indeed the best professional networking platform.It has helped literally millions of professionals around the world to build their own personal brands and achieve amazing success.There are people who have managed to use LinkedIn to its full potential and make a name for themselves in their respective industries.Why not take advantage of a platform that allows you to search companies, look for jobs and connect with thousands of professionals while also giving you an opportunity to portray your accomplishments.Most people have been using LinkedIn for years but haven’t even bothered to further refine or polish their profiles.   You need to understand that LinkedIn is much more than an online resume to get a job.It is a consolidated place to connect with other professionals , showcase your talents, display your accomplishments and build your own brand in the process.The best way to fully leverage LinkedIn and all the possibilities it offers is to have an awesome profile. It is also imperative to have a great profile on LinkedIn if you want to stand out from the 450 million LinkedIn users worldwide.Here are some really great LinkedIn profile tips from Josh Gwin. If you are willing to impart some life to your LinkedIn profile, here are the 31 tips from some of the topnotch career experts to help you get started.1. SPEND SOME TIME TO MAKE IT TOPNOTCHCompanies and recruiters will mostly contact candidates with a complete and attractive profile.Your profile must exhibit all your skills and achievements both in academics and professional life, your current and previous employers and what other people think of you.A complete profile also means recruiters have a better chance of finding you as compared to people with inactive and incomplete profiles.Therefore, you should spend some time to fill out every detail possible on your profile. Good news is that LinkedIn will give valuable suggestions on how to strengthen your profile as well.2. GET A CUSTOM LINKEDIN URLWhen you signup, your LinkedIn profile URL has a clumsy combination of numbers by default which doesn’t look professional. Recruiters actually prefer profiles with custom URL such as linkedin.com/your-name.It is also not very difficult to get one either.All you have to do is to open Edit Profile Tab and then click Public Profile URL. Now, customize the URL and specify your address. Finally, set Custom URL when you are done.3. HAVE AN EYE CATCHING AND PROFESSIONAL PROFILE PHOTOSurprisingly, most people have really awkward and thoroughly unprofessional profile photos on LinkedIn.It is simply unacceptable and often it showcases very bad taste. You need to have a friendly, clear, eye-catching and most of all, appropriately professional image on your profile. Take a look at what oth ers in your target industry, business level or companies are wearing and trying to copy them.It is even better if you can portray yourself in action. Your photo should display everything from your charisma to your passion, energy and enthusiasm.If you want to real good in your LinkedIn photos, watch this video. 4. YOUR HEADLINE SHOULD NOT BE YOUR JOB TITLEIt is a grave mistake to just write your technical job title in your headline. It is already present in the Experience Section.You should take full advantage of the headline and use it to describe who you actually are.It should give a glimpse of your skills, experience and background to the recruiter or whosoever is reading your profile.The headline should also inform the reader what you currently are and what you want to achieve in future.Watch Ian Lamont’s video about how to write a great LinkedIn headline for your profile. 5. USE SUMMARY SECTION TO PERFECTIONSome people totally ignore the extremely powerful and valuable Summar y Section on their LinkedIn profiles.It is actually in the Summary Section where you can impress the readers.The section makes readers see what you want them to see.This is your chance to narrate your story and control the narrative.Always tell the story in the first person and highlight some of your personal interests in the end.Explaining what kind of professional you are isn’t going to hurt either.6. ASK FOR RECOMMENDATIONSIf you have managed to please someone with your work, request him or her to spare some time and write a nice recommendation for you on LinkedIn.You can even ask him to keep recommendation focused on certain things.On the other hand, avoid having generic recommendations such as “David was great to work with” because they are not going to produce the desired results.Recommendations need to be specific and honest, highlighting what you actually did for them.7. GET ENDORSEMENTS FROM RELEVANT PROFESSIONALSOne of the best methods to showcase your skills on Link edIn is to get endorsements.However, unwanted endorsements from people not even relevant to your field can also put the recruiter off.Therefore, always strive to get endorsements from professionals working in your own field.Such endorsements carry much more weight and can become a quick visual impression of what you are actually worth.8. MANAGE YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS AND ENDORSEMENTSYou will constantly receive recommendations which don’t truly express your personality and professionalism.Such recommendations are not worthwhile to appear on your profile. It is also difficult and sometimes inconvenient to reach out the individual recommender and ask him to make necessary revisions.The best solution is to hide the unwanted recommendations from the Edit Profile section as explained in this really informational YouTube Video. 9. MAKE AS MANY CONNECTIONS AS POSSIBLEMore connections you have better are your chances to find a job. You will make a good first impression if you have more than at least 50 connections.Anything less than that is just not acceptable.Recruiters in particular will take you as a paranoid who don’t want to connect with others.Similarly, it will also tell them that your network is pretty limited or you don’t know how to use social media and technology.All these things can ago against you when you apply for a particular job.You don’t need to have hundreds of connections but try to start with at least 50-100.10. ONLY TRY TO ADD PEOPLE YOU KNOWDon’t go berserk while trying to make connections. This is one of the worst but most common mistakes committed by people on LinkedIn.LinkedIn will close your account if a certain number of people refuse to recognize you and reject your request.11. INCLUDE PERSONAL INTERESTS AND OUTSIDE THE JOB LEADERSHIP SKILLSYour profile should not only be about your job and career accomplishments.It is also a good idea to add some personal details about you such as your hobbies, favorite travel destinations and food s.Similarly, also include, if you have any, leadership experience in projects and organizations outside your place of work.However, personal interests should not overwhelm the profile because LinkedIn is a professional network after all.For instance, details of your girlfriend or schoolmates don’t need to appear on your profile.12. CHOOSE A GREAT BACKGROUND COVER PHOTOIf you want to grab people’s attentions, include a great background cover photo. The background photo is the second visual tool on your profile you can use to mesmerize readers.It sets the context of your profile and explains what you are all about and what you want people to know about you.An attractive background photo also lasts longer in the memories, engage people’s attention and help your page stand out from the crowd.13. USE RICH MEDIA IN YOUR PROFILEOne of the coolest methods to showcase your work is to include multimedia such as pictures and videos in your profile.You can actually add slideshow presentat ions, videos and pictures to your LinkedIn profile with utmost ease. It is always better to present examples instead of just talking about your work.The multimedia also allows you to show yourself in harness. Simple Click Edit Profile, go all the way down to your Summary Section and then click Add File. It is as simple as that.14. UPDATE YOUR PROFILE REGULARLYBy all means, LinkedIn is just another social media platform like Facebook and Twitter. You also need to update your status on LinkedIn regularly.However, you need to do it strategically and professionally.For instance, it is better to share your experience of a business meeting rather than what you are going to eat in dinner.The frequency of the updates should ideally be an update once a week.Remember, all of your connections see your updates and therefore, you should use them carefully.15. REGULARLY SHARE FRESH CONTENTIf you are a member of a large network on LinkedIn, it is better to be an active one.You can add value to you r network by sharing fresh and relevant content regularly. You can find out what your connections like to read or share by regular checking your news feed.Subsequently, start sharing content you feel is relevant to your field and genuinely interesting. This will enable you to establish yourself as an authority on your respective subject and increase your chances of getting viewed as well.16. RESHUFFLE YOUR SECTIONSLinkedIn generously allows you to reorder your profile sections. You can put the most important sections which emphasize certain aspects of your personality, experience and background on top and relegate others to bottom.Always put those sections on top which highlight your achievements and expertise.For instance, you can move your Experience Section directly above the Summary. You can considerably improve your profile and create a brand for yourself which recruiters simply cannot ignore.17. NEVER FORGET TO ADD CONTACT INFORMATIONYou must always add your contact informatio n in your profile. It is a basic thing but many people forget to add contact details on their profiles.How do you think employers will contact you if there are no contact details on your profile? Employers like those people who are easier to be found and contacted.You don’t need to add your home address for safety reasons but there is no harm in sharing your email address, phone number, and website or Twitter name.18. DON’T USE BUZZWORDS EXCESSIVELYYou seriously don’t want to include resume buzzwords like effective, experienced, focused, specialized, leadership, strategic, effective, responsible and expert etc. in your profile.They are the most commonly used buzzwords on LinkedIn and have “effectively” lost their value. You can do something better, more creative and fun to attract employers.19. HIGHLIGHT ALL THE SKILLS YOU HAVE MASTEREDOne of the easiest methods to impress employers is to list as many skills as possible on your profile.However, relevancy is the key to succ ess here.A bulky list of skills that are not relevant to you area of expertise will start to look awkward and weird.On the other hand, explore the list of skills available on LinkedIn and select only those that are relevant to you.This will further authenticate your summary and description, making it easier for others to endorse you as well.20. CAREFULLY USE THE PUBLICATION SECTIONThe Publication Section is your greatest friend when it comes to drawing attention to your profile. It is one of the most underrated and underused sections on LinkedIn.Therefore, if you manage to effectively use it in your advantage, your profile will easily stand out from the rest.   You can link your profile to any type of content you have published be it is a blog, a white paper or an Ebook etc.The following YouTube video explains in detail how you can effectively use and manage your Publication Section. 21. FOLLOW RELEVANT INFLUENCERSNeedless to say, it is always a good practice to follow relevant infl uencers from your industry and LinkedIn is no different.One of the biggest advantages of following such influencers is that you will be able to access a wide range of interesting and valuable content.You can also share such valuable content with your network from time to time. This will allow you to express your passion for your job and make your profile more contextual and meaningful.22. BECOME AN EMPLOYEE ADVOCATELinkedIn Elevate is yet another excellent feature you can leverage to enhance your profile. Businesses of all sizes can launch their own employee advocacy programs using this feature.By using Elevate, you can have tremendously positive impact on your own profile and career.   In simple words, if you really want to spread your message and brand content, then you need to become active on Elevate sooner than later.23. IMPRESS WITH NUMBERS UPFRONTYou should be able to highlight your past achievements in almost all sections of your profile including summary. Moreover, try to i mpress readers with case studies and numbers which prove that you are a successful person.For instance, you should write, “I have created more than a 1000 small and big websites”, if you are a web developer. You can even include names of your clients you haven’t signed No Disclosure Agreement with.On the other hand, it is simply not enough to write, “I am an experienced web developer with more than xyz years of experience.” Nobody is going to buy that. Keep in mind that even a few and strategically displayed states can go a long way to create an excellent first impression.24. KEEP SCOUTING JOBSThe best method to scout new jobs on LinkedIn is to follow as many companies as you can. Keep a constant eye on who is leaving and who is joining a company.When you find out that some is leaving your dream company, you must quickly pounce the opportunity and write to their HR that you are available.However, don’t forget to convince them that you are a worthy replacement.25. ALWAYS INCLUDE YOUR CURRENT JOBEven if you are unemployed, you must always include your current job in your profile. It is important because you will not appear in most searches if your Current Title box is empty.Most employers don’t bother to flip through thousands of candidates to find the one they need. They mostly search candidates exclusively using the Current Title box.If you are unemployed, simply create a dummy job title including the job you are targeting.26. TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE OF LINKEDIN BLOGGING PLATFORMLinkedIn allows you to publish blogs right from your profile home page. It is a great opportunity for you to share fresh and relevant content.It also helps you show to the world that you are not a boring workhorse but a creative, vibrant and smart person who has full grasp of his craft.Similarly, publishing an article on LinkedIn once or twice a month will help you attract more like-minded people to your profile.Alternatively, you can also connect your own WordPress blog (if you have any) to your LinkedIn profile. Make sure the content you publish meets all the LinkedIn’s content guidelines.In order to connect the blog, go to main navigation bar and click More. Now, click Applications and then WordPress Application. Enter the link of your blog and it will appear in your Profile.27. JOIN LINKEDIN GROUPSLinkedIn offers incredible resources and one such resource is LinkedIn Groups. You can considerably enhance your chances of finding a job by joining groups relevant to your industry and job.It also shows that you are totally engaged to your profession and passionate about your work. LinkedIn Groups work like online networking events.By joining groups, you can make many more connections which can help you find a better job in the long run.28. MAKE FULL USE OF PRIVACY SETTINGSThere is a reason why LinkedIn has privacy settings. You want to be and should be discreet when you are actively looking for a new job on LinkedIn.Your current employer will immediate ly understand that you want to leave as soon as you start overhauling your profile, connecting with more people and reaching out to recruiters.You can use privacy settings to ensure that your boss does not get wind of your intentions. It is very easy to find privacy settings.Click your name on the upper right hand corner and Privacy settings are right on the top of dropdown menu.29. WRITE AN INTERESTING TARGET JOB DESCRIPTIONGo through as many relevant target job descriptions as possible and try to blend them. Now find out words or phrases which are not only interesting to read but quite effective as well. Following YouTube video can also help you greatly in this regard. These are the words employers mostly go after when they are searching for new people for their company. Sprinkle these words and phrases throughout our profile and you are good to go.30. YOU CAN USE YOUR PROFILE AS YOUR RESUMEMost people argue against using LinkedIn profile as a standby resume.You should highlight y our best accomplishments rather than just a list of your previous jobs on your resume; same is the case with LinkedIn.Use your experience section to showcase your achievements, what have you done in the past, how did you do it and what was the impact on your organization.31. MAKE YOUR PROFILE EXCITINGIt makes sense. Doesn’t it? Constantly strive to make your profile really exciting showcasing your enthusiasm and love for your profession. Recruiters love to hire people who are most excited about their work.As mentioned above, you can express your enthusiasm by actively participating in group discussions. You can also modify your tagline to announce what you are currently doing.Try to connect with influencers and leaders in your industry. Share interesting news, case studies, white papers and articles.There are people who advise against using LinkedIn for job search.However, it is a powerful tool which opens a world of opportunities for you whether you are looking for a job or just to connecting with industry leaders.All you need to have is a complete, strong and exciting profile with the ability to impress both recruiters and thought leaders.

Dead Metaphor Definition and Examples

A dead metaphor is traditionally defined as a  figure of speech that has lost its force and imaginative effectiveness through frequent use. Also known as a  frozen metaphor or a historical metaphor. Contrast with creative metaphor. Over the past several decades, cognitive linguists have criticized the dead metaphor theory—the view that a conventional metaphor is dead and no longer influences thought: The mistake derives from a basic confusion: it assumes that those things in our cognition that are most alive and most active are those that are conscious. On the contrary, those that are most alive and most deeply entrenched, efficient, and powerful are those that are so automatic as to be unconscious and effortless. (G. Lakoff and M. Turner, Philosophy in the Flesh. Basic Books, 1989) As  I.A. Richards said back in 1936: This favorite old distinction between dead and living metaphors (itself a two-fold metaphor) needs a drastic re-examination (The Philosophy of Rhetoric) Examples and Observations Kansas City is oven hot, dead metaphor or no dead metaphor. (Zadie Smith, On the Road: American Writers and Their Hair, July 2001)An example of a dead metaphor would be the body of an essay. In this example, body was initially an expression that drew on the metaphorical image of human anatomy applied to the subject matter in question. As a dead metaphor, body of an essay literally means the main part of an essay, and no longer suggests anything new that might be suggested by an anatomical referent. In that sense, body of an essay is no longer a metaphor, but merely a literal statement of fact, or a dead metaphor. (Michael P. Marks, The Prison as Metaphor. Peter Lang, 2004)Many venerable metaphors have been literalized into everyday items of language: a clock has a face (unlike human or animal face), and on that face are hands (unlike biological hands); only in terms of clocks can hands be located on a face. . . . The deadness of a metaphor and its status as a clichà © are relative m atters. Hearing for the first time that life is no bed of roses, someone might be swept away by its aptness and vigor. (Tom McArthur, Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992)[A] so-called dead metaphor is not a metaphor at all, but merely an expression that no longer has a pregnant metaphorical use. (Max Black, More About Metaphor. Metaphor and Thought, 2nd ed., ed. by Andrew Ortony. Cambridge University Press, 1993) It's Alive! The dead metaphor account misses an important point: namely, that what is deeply entrenched, hardly noticed, and thus effortlessly used is most active in our thought. The metaphors . . . may be highly conventional and effortlessly used, but this does not mean that they have lost their vigor in thought and that they are dead. On the contrary, they are alive in the most important sense—they govern our thought—they are metaphors we live by. (Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses, Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2002) Two Kinds of Death The expression dead metaphor—itself metaphorical—can be understood in at least two ways. On the one hand, a dead metaphor may be like a dead issue or a dead parrot; dead issues are not issues, dead parrots, as we all know, are not parrots. On this construal, a dead metaphor is simply not a metaphor. On the other hand, a dead metaphor may be more like a dead key on a piano; dead keys are still keys, albeit weak or dull, and so perhaps a dead metaphor, even if it lacks vivacity, is metaphor nonetheless. (Samuel Guttenplan, Objects of Metaphor. Oxford University Press, 2005) The Etymological Fallacy To suggest that words always carry with them something of what may have been an original metaphoric sense is not only a form of etymological fallacy; it is a remnant of that proper meaning superstition which I.A. Richards so effectively critiques. Because a term is used which was originally metaphorical, that is, which came from one domain of experience to define another, one cannot conclude that it necessarily continues to bring with it the associations which it had in that other domain. If it is a truly dead metaphor, it will not. (Gregory W. Dawes, The Body in Question: Metaphor and Meaning in the Interpretation of Ephesians 5:21-33. Brill, 1998)

Organizational Behavior - 1046 Words

Running Head: Organizational Behavior \ Erica Wilson Organizational Behavior AJS 512 Douglas Bryant III April 23, 2012 Organizational Behavior According to Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, and Uhl-bien Organizational behavior is the study of individuals and groups in organizations (pg. 4). Organizational behavior is an applied discipline that is based on scientific method which was researched to help formulate teams and collegial work environments. The importance of organizational behavior is to better understand people as individuals and in groups. Organizational behavior also helps Us to understand interpersonal process, organizational dynamics with the purpose of achieving a goal. More than often the goal is to improve the†¦show more content†¦Last but not least, mangers should use control to ensure that all projects are complete in a timely manner and to the desired satisfaction of the organization. Continued Learning Organizational behavior is a learned behavior. In order to have structure in any environment or organization someone has to learn how. We are not born to be good leaders or good supervisors. I believe that it is a learning process and it takes time and experience. Learning is a forever revolving door. Just as in any learning environment to learn one has to be committed to continuous lifelong learning experiences. With all of the turmoil that is occurring in the United States todays there will always be different ways, new ideas, or new approaches to further our advances in or work place and in our everyday lives. However, everyone learns differently and they process information differently. In order to be successful in any workplace, one has to understand how he/she learn and process information. Some people learning styles are different and the way that he/she learns may be slower or faster than others. Also one has to be able to adapt to change. 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There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. â€Å"Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).† This is not just the study o n one organization, but the study withinRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : Organization Behavior2093 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn, 2011). There are additional characteristics such as leadership, openness to confer in relation to issuesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior5621 Words   |  23 PagesChapter 1 - The Field of Organizational Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. Pharmacia is an example of a company that: a. experienced culture clashes as a result of a merger. b. ignored technological advances to its harm. c. is a great employer in terms of human resources, but an unprofitable company. d. focused on balance sheets rather than human resources. Answer a Page 2 2. _____ is a structured social system consisting of groups and individuals working together toRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organisational Behavior2512 Words   |  11 PagesNowadays with the new millennium speeding towards us and competitive advantage more rapidly than ever, organisational behavior is one of the most direct relevance study for deeper understanding of management context. Indeed, it’s about how people organised and managed at work, which contains the study of leadership, motivation and organisational design to examine human behaviour in relation to various psychological, social and political conditions. The purpose of study this subject from regulatory

Amalgam Model Free Essays

string(181) " many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the former must give way to the latter\." Counseling Theory: An Amalgam Model, 2008, Name, affirms that science proves what the Bible has long understood and says about man or human nature; that Scripture alone has the correct diagnosis of the sickness and potential outcomes of his endeavors and challenges as well as the results especially, of a fallen nature. The author uses the scientific researches that show how the truths of Scripture are explained and made manifest in the lives of men and women. Practitioners who make use of this model that there is neither competition nor confusion as to the pre-eminence of Scripture; rather, it presupposes that science complements what the Biblical writers as revealed, have long known the real and lasting solutions to the â€Å"sicknesses† that man ahs encountered. We will write a custom essay sample on Amalgam Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now I. Introduction Psychology has made great strides in the development of principles and methods and the discovery of facts which find useful application in various aspects of everyday life. The objectives of psychology are : (1) to understand human behavior; (2) to predict human behavior by means of observation and experiment; (3) to influence or alter the behavior of he individual or group in desirable ways so that he can achieve the goal he desires. Behavior is described and analyzed. On this basis, an attempt to predict behavior is possible, and although this may not thoroughly and completely be accomplished in some endeavors, the basic understanding then is that there are certain expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are within his conscious awareness. Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological problems are common to group relations, in whatever framework a person or group of individuals come from. The thrust of this paper is to develop my own theory of behavior and putting these in the context of the helping relationship. It starts with a basic understanding of human behavior coming from various viewpoints or perspectives. Then it discusses the reasons why an individual becomes mentally sick or develops unhealthy patterns of behaving towards anything that affect him. This includes the maladjustments that are usually prevalent in a person’s day-to-day functioning especially if and when he has not learned or developed the skills of rightly apprehending the tests of life, so to speak. The work of a counselor is a privilege since the counselee or client will be unfolding his life and makes himself vulnerable to a stranger. It is not an easy choice to make hence, all the training and knowledge would be indispensable to help the client reveal and trust himself to another. Counseling is not a very easy job. But it can be facilitated well when there is a clear vision of what and how it unfolds in the relationship that is established with the client. II. Discussion The paper is divided into different parts and meant to answer to the requirements stated as follows. A. Summary of my overall approach Psychology is the scientific of human behavior and mental processes; a study which is of considerable interest to almost all people. In the pursuit of this study is the important feature of understanding the goals or objectives. To describe, explain and predict behavior and if possible control or modify it, are the main objectives of this scientific discipline. These objectives confine as well as broaden student’s approach towards a deeper perspective of the field in the sense that he/she will have a grasp on the variety of subject matters that psychology provides, the advances or breakthroughs it has attained, its inadequacies and shortcomings, as well as forthcoming challenges the discipline faces. Since human individuals are complex and changing, the study is fascinating yet possesses a certain degree of difficulty. Fascinating because it explores all the facets of being human and possessing a certain degree of difficulty because of its multifarious sub-disciplines. Sigmund Freud offered a psychoanalytic viewpoint on the diagnosis and understanding of a person’s mental health. Other perspectives, the behavioristic paradigm offers to see this in a different light. The psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes childhood experiences and the role of the unconscious mind in determining future behavior and in explaining and understanding current based on past behavior. Basing on his personality constructs of the Id, Ego and the Superego, Freud sees a mentally healthy person as possessing what he calls Ego strength. On the other hand, the behavior therapist sees a person as a â€Å"learner† in his environment, with the brain as his primary organ of survival and vehicle for acquiring his social functioning. With this paradigm, mental health is a result of the environment’s impact on the person; he learns to fear or to be happy and therein lies the important key in understanding a person’s mental state. Considering that the achievement and maintenance of mental health is one of the pursuits of psychology, the following is a brief outline of what psychologists would endorse a healthy lifestyle. The individual must consider each of the following and incorporate these in his/her day to day affairs: 1. The Medical doctor’s viewpoint – well-being emphasis than the illness model 2. The Spiritual viewpoint- a vital spiritual growth must be on check. 3. The Psychologist’s viewpoint- emotional and relationship factors in balance. 4. The Nutritionist’s viewpoint – putting nutrition and health as top priority. 5. The Fitness Expert’s viewpoint- Exercise as part of a daily regimen. The theory I have in mind then is an amalgamation of several approaches, primarily the integration of the Christian worldview and the theories set forth by Cognitive-behaviorists and psychoanalytic models, and biological/physical continuum. There are other good models but a lot of reasons exist why they cannot be â€Å"good enough;† a lot depends on my own personality. Being authentic to who you are, your passion, is effectively communicated across an audience whether it is a negative or positive one. The basic way of doing the â€Å"amalgamation† or integration is that the Christian worldview takes precedence over the rest of the approaches. Although many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the former must give way to the latter. You read "Amalgam Model" in category "Papers" It is understood then, that I thoroughly examined each of the theory and set them against the backdrop of spirituality. Interpreting a problem that a client suffers for instance, entails that the theoretical viewpoint that I am convinced with, has better chances of properly understanding the maladjustments that the client had been suffering. To come up with the balanced worldview (an integration in other words), the balance between the realms mentioned, including the true frame of human individuals and the true nature of God (or theology) are properly considered. Thoroughly accepting the fact that there is no contest between the natural and the spiritual; only that troubles arise when one realm is overemphasized at the expense of another. This thin line or slight tension between the two levels is best expressed in the personhood of Jesus Christ, who was a perfect man as well as God. If we start to equate ourselves with that notion (which is usually happening) and we start to think that we are balanced, then we surely lack understanding or real self-awareness of the fact that we are deeply and seriously out of balance and this is one reason why we need help. B. Philosophy and Basic Assumptions ~What does a mentally healthy person look like and how are his traits different from those who are mentally ill or are developing a certain form of illness. Personality is more than poise, charm, or physical appearance. It includes habits, attitudes, and all the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possesses. However, to be more precise, the explicit behavioral styles covered in the course, perhaps, best captivate an individual’s personality and how he/she is understood. With the different behavioral styles, an overall pattern of various characteristics is seen. Like a â€Å"psychograph,† a person’s profile is pulled together and at a glance, the individual can be compared with other people in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses. The term mentally ill is frightening to many people. Movies, books, and magazines often depict mental illness in frightening ways. In some cases, adolescents suffering from a mental illness do act unpredictably or even dangerously. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most of the symptoms of mental illnesses can be controlled. It is tempting to distinguish healthy adolescents from adolescents with mental illness problems. However, there is often a fine line between mental health and mental illness. It is important to understand that mental illnesses vary in their severity. For example, many adolescents suffered from various levels of anxiety or depression. Others have suffered from serious mental disorders with biological origins. Education about the adolescents` mental illness is vital for those with mental health problems as well as for the adolescents` friends and family. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freud’s camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). ~ What constitutes a mentally/emotionally healthy person and what causes a person to become dysfunctional? The Christian point of view argues that man is not necessarily or inherently good and that starts him off to a bad start. The environment further either encourages that innate evil or tones it down. However, the basic idea is that there is a spiritual aspect and this is addressed in what the Christian Scriptures declare as the â€Å"renewing of the mind. † Because this is an integrated approach, it recognizes the work of science with the concept or understanding that it only confirms what Scripture recognizes or identifies all along. Psychology reminds us of the differing opinions of experts in this field. It talks about personality which represents all that the mind, or the mental and affective aspects of a person. People talk a lot about personality or behavior as if it’s such an uncomplicated and unfussy concept, but they end up having difficulty defining it when asked. They are apt to say that it (behavior or personality in general) is something a person â€Å"has. † They describe the behavioral components of particular people in words like â€Å"friendly,† â€Å"nice,† â€Å"forceful,† or â€Å"aggressive,† to paint a picture of what they mean by the term and as a result end, instead, in vague descriptions of how a person usually behaves with other people. On the other hand, when we base our descriptions on concrete and observable actions that people commonly do or adapt, we come up with what experts call as â€Å"behavioral profile. † There are different styles of behavior as well as there are no right and wrong profile. When we come up with correct profiling, the expected result is that we develop ways of getting to know a more concise and accurate picture of ourselves, or people in general. Personality is more than poise, charm, or physical appearance. It includes habits, attitudes, and all the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possesses. However, to be more precise, the explicit behavioral styles covered in the course, perhaps, best captivate an individual’s personality and how he/she is understood. With the different behavioral styles, an overall pattern of various characteristics is seen. Like a â€Å"psychograph,† a person’s profile is pulled together and at a glance, the individual can be compared with other people in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses. A healthy personality does not mean it does not have any difficulties at all. It means that a person has the capabilities to withstand any turmoil or stress that come his way. He has learned the skills to make him adjust to the internal and external stresses; minimizing conflicts from within and without but in a healthy and normal functioning way. ~ How does personal growth occur in the context of your therapy? Personal growth occurs in the context of self-insights; insights concerning the workings of one’s mind in relation to the structures and stimuli around the person. He self-insight is very significant and crucial to the client for him to be able to work well with those who are there to assist in his recovery and eventual personal growth. †¢ What makes your theory work? Christian counselors are prepared to help their clients sort the distinctions and similarities between psychology and the Christian faith? This is important because basic to therapy success is that when therapist and client share similar worldviews, the therapy may then advance. Moreover, do Christian counselors and those in this kind of profession really pursue real interest and deep thirst for a systematic and regular study of the Bible? If they do not do so, they will be deficient of the overall grasp of the Bible’s structure and content and lack a working knowledge of basic biblical doctrines. A deep and thriving relationship and commitment to an equally gifted Bible – believing church will also benefit the counselor in his/her personal life and practice, thus a necessary requirement,. C. Key Concepts ~ Explain the primary points of your theory as if you were to summarize it quickly for someone The Psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and often unconscious struggles within the person. These usually involved conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. Not all of those who take a psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud’s original ideas, but most would view abnormal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freud’s camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). In the psychodynamic theory, the following three assumptions help guide a student of human behavior or an expert in this field determine the underlying factors that explain the overt manifestations of specific behaviors. These assumptions therefore, help guide the diagnosis of the presence or absence of mental illness. They are the same assumptions that guide the therapist in choosing what treatment that will better help heal, cure or alleviate the symptoms. These assumptions are: – â€Å"There are instinctive urges that drive personality formation. † – â€Å"Personality growth is driven by conflict and resolving anxieties. † – â€Å"Unresolved anxieties produce neurotic symptoms† (Source: Kaplan et al, 1994). The goals of treatment here include alleviating patient of the symptoms which specifically works to uncover and work through unconscious conflict. The task of psychodynamic therapy is â€Å"to make the unconscious conscious to the patient† (â€Å"Models of abnormality†, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. In the psychodynamic approach the treatment modality frequently used includes dreams and free association, at times hypnosis (as preferred by either the therapist or by the client). The therapist actively communicates with the client in the on-going sessions. The scenario appears that a given patient may have up to five times a week session and runs up to five years in length (Rubinstein et al. , 2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated primarily by Ellis and Beck â€Å"facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist. † With the idea that the counselor and patient together cooperate to attain a trusting relationship and agree which problems or issues need to come first in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the immediate and presenting problem that the client is suffering and complaining from takes precedence and must be addressed and focused in the treatment. There is instantaneous relief from the symptoms, and may be encouraged or spurred on to pursue in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible. The relief from the symptoms from the primary problem or issue will inspire the client to imagine or think that change is not impossible after all. In this model, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a client or patient comes into the healing relationship and the former’s role is to change or modify the latter’s maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview: a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future. Just as the cognitive-behavioral model also recognizes the concept of insight as well, this is only a matter of emphasis or focus. In behavioral/cognitive-behavioral therapies the focus is on the modification or control of behavior and insight usually becomes a tangential advantage. Techniques include CBT through such strategy as cognitive restructuring and the current frequently used REBT for Rational Emotive-Behavior Therapy where irrational beliefs are eliminated by examining them in a rational manner (Corey, 2004; Davison and Neale, 2001). Whereas in insight therapies the focus or emphasis is on the patient’s ability in understanding his/her issues basing on his inner conflicts, motives and fears. Coaching the patient on the step by step procedure of CBT is a basic and fundamental ingredient. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior. His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be â€Å"reorganized. † For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). D. Therapeutic Goals ~ What are your general goals in therapy? Christian counseling admittedly embraces in reality, a basic integration of the biblical precepts on the view of man and psychology’s scientific breakthroughs in addressing the dilemmas that beset human individuals. Depending on the persuasion of the practitioner, especially whether he or she comes from either the purely theological or â€Å"secular† preparation, Christian counseling can either lean to certain degrees of theology or psychology. According to Larry Crabb, â€Å"If psychology offers insights which will sharpen our counseling skills and increase our effectiveness, we want to know them. If all problems are at core spiritual matters we don’t want to neglect the critically necessary resources available through the Lord by a wrong emphasis on psychological theory† (Crabb in Anderson et al, 2000). Dr. Crabb’s position certainly ensures that science in particular, has its place in counseling in as much as theology does. He made sure that all means are addressed as the counselor approaches his profession, especially in the actual conduction of both the diagnostic and therapeutic or intervention phases (Crabb in Anderson et al. , 2000). Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent years. Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved one’s attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the worsening situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006). The acute crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatening events and feel overwhelmed with difficulty resolving the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives. They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with dysfunctional conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). How to cite Amalgam Model, Papers

Amalgam Model Free Essays

string(181) " many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the former must give way to the latter\." Counseling Theory: An Amalgam Model, 2008, Name, affirms that science proves what the Bible has long understood and says about man or human nature; that Scripture alone has the correct diagnosis of the sickness and potential outcomes of his endeavors and challenges as well as the results especially, of a fallen nature. The author uses the scientific researches that show how the truths of Scripture are explained and made manifest in the lives of men and women. Practitioners who make use of this model that there is neither competition nor confusion as to the pre-eminence of Scripture; rather, it presupposes that science complements what the Biblical writers as revealed, have long known the real and lasting solutions to the â€Å"sicknesses† that man ahs encountered. We will write a custom essay sample on Amalgam Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now I. Introduction Psychology has made great strides in the development of principles and methods and the discovery of facts which find useful application in various aspects of everyday life. The objectives of psychology are : (1) to understand human behavior; (2) to predict human behavior by means of observation and experiment; (3) to influence or alter the behavior of he individual or group in desirable ways so that he can achieve the goal he desires. Behavior is described and analyzed. On this basis, an attempt to predict behavior is possible, and although this may not thoroughly and completely be accomplished in some endeavors, the basic understanding then is that there are certain expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are within his conscious awareness. Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological problems are common to group relations, in whatever framework a person or group of individuals come from. The thrust of this paper is to develop my own theory of behavior and putting these in the context of the helping relationship. It starts with a basic understanding of human behavior coming from various viewpoints or perspectives. Then it discusses the reasons why an individual becomes mentally sick or develops unhealthy patterns of behaving towards anything that affect him. This includes the maladjustments that are usually prevalent in a person’s day-to-day functioning especially if and when he has not learned or developed the skills of rightly apprehending the tests of life, so to speak. The work of a counselor is a privilege since the counselee or client will be unfolding his life and makes himself vulnerable to a stranger. It is not an easy choice to make hence, all the training and knowledge would be indispensable to help the client reveal and trust himself to another. Counseling is not a very easy job. But it can be facilitated well when there is a clear vision of what and how it unfolds in the relationship that is established with the client. II. Discussion The paper is divided into different parts and meant to answer to the requirements stated as follows. A. Summary of my overall approach Psychology is the scientific of human behavior and mental processes; a study which is of considerable interest to almost all people. In the pursuit of this study is the important feature of understanding the goals or objectives. To describe, explain and predict behavior and if possible control or modify it, are the main objectives of this scientific discipline. These objectives confine as well as broaden student’s approach towards a deeper perspective of the field in the sense that he/she will have a grasp on the variety of subject matters that psychology provides, the advances or breakthroughs it has attained, its inadequacies and shortcomings, as well as forthcoming challenges the discipline faces. Since human individuals are complex and changing, the study is fascinating yet possesses a certain degree of difficulty. Fascinating because it explores all the facets of being human and possessing a certain degree of difficulty because of its multifarious sub-disciplines. Sigmund Freud offered a psychoanalytic viewpoint on the diagnosis and understanding of a person’s mental health. Other perspectives, the behavioristic paradigm offers to see this in a different light. The psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes childhood experiences and the role of the unconscious mind in determining future behavior and in explaining and understanding current based on past behavior. Basing on his personality constructs of the Id, Ego and the Superego, Freud sees a mentally healthy person as possessing what he calls Ego strength. On the other hand, the behavior therapist sees a person as a â€Å"learner† in his environment, with the brain as his primary organ of survival and vehicle for acquiring his social functioning. With this paradigm, mental health is a result of the environment’s impact on the person; he learns to fear or to be happy and therein lies the important key in understanding a person’s mental state. Considering that the achievement and maintenance of mental health is one of the pursuits of psychology, the following is a brief outline of what psychologists would endorse a healthy lifestyle. The individual must consider each of the following and incorporate these in his/her day to day affairs: 1. The Medical doctor’s viewpoint – well-being emphasis than the illness model 2. The Spiritual viewpoint- a vital spiritual growth must be on check. 3. The Psychologist’s viewpoint- emotional and relationship factors in balance. 4. The Nutritionist’s viewpoint – putting nutrition and health as top priority. 5. The Fitness Expert’s viewpoint- Exercise as part of a daily regimen. The theory I have in mind then is an amalgamation of several approaches, primarily the integration of the Christian worldview and the theories set forth by Cognitive-behaviorists and psychoanalytic models, and biological/physical continuum. There are other good models but a lot of reasons exist why they cannot be â€Å"good enough;† a lot depends on my own personality. Being authentic to who you are, your passion, is effectively communicated across an audience whether it is a negative or positive one. The basic way of doing the â€Å"amalgamation† or integration is that the Christian worldview takes precedence over the rest of the approaches. Although many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the former must give way to the latter. You read "Amalgam Model" in category "Papers" It is understood then, that I thoroughly examined each of the theory and set them against the backdrop of spirituality. Interpreting a problem that a client suffers for instance, entails that the theoretical viewpoint that I am convinced with, has better chances of properly understanding the maladjustments that the client had been suffering. To come up with the balanced worldview (an integration in other words), the balance between the realms mentioned, including the true frame of human individuals and the true nature of God (or theology) are properly considered. Thoroughly accepting the fact that there is no contest between the natural and the spiritual; only that troubles arise when one realm is overemphasized at the expense of another. This thin line or slight tension between the two levels is best expressed in the personhood of Jesus Christ, who was a perfect man as well as God. If we start to equate ourselves with that notion (which is usually happening) and we start to think that we are balanced, then we surely lack understanding or real self-awareness of the fact that we are deeply and seriously out of balance and this is one reason why we need help. B. Philosophy and Basic Assumptions ~What does a mentally healthy person look like and how are his traits different from those who are mentally ill or are developing a certain form of illness. Personality is more than poise, charm, or physical appearance. It includes habits, attitudes, and all the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possesses. However, to be more precise, the explicit behavioral styles covered in the course, perhaps, best captivate an individual’s personality and how he/she is understood. With the different behavioral styles, an overall pattern of various characteristics is seen. Like a â€Å"psychograph,† a person’s profile is pulled together and at a glance, the individual can be compared with other people in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses. The term mentally ill is frightening to many people. Movies, books, and magazines often depict mental illness in frightening ways. In some cases, adolescents suffering from a mental illness do act unpredictably or even dangerously. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most of the symptoms of mental illnesses can be controlled. It is tempting to distinguish healthy adolescents from adolescents with mental illness problems. However, there is often a fine line between mental health and mental illness. It is important to understand that mental illnesses vary in their severity. For example, many adolescents suffered from various levels of anxiety or depression. Others have suffered from serious mental disorders with biological origins. Education about the adolescents` mental illness is vital for those with mental health problems as well as for the adolescents` friends and family. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freud’s camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). ~ What constitutes a mentally/emotionally healthy person and what causes a person to become dysfunctional? The Christian point of view argues that man is not necessarily or inherently good and that starts him off to a bad start. The environment further either encourages that innate evil or tones it down. However, the basic idea is that there is a spiritual aspect and this is addressed in what the Christian Scriptures declare as the â€Å"renewing of the mind. † Because this is an integrated approach, it recognizes the work of science with the concept or understanding that it only confirms what Scripture recognizes or identifies all along. Psychology reminds us of the differing opinions of experts in this field. It talks about personality which represents all that the mind, or the mental and affective aspects of a person. People talk a lot about personality or behavior as if it’s such an uncomplicated and unfussy concept, but they end up having difficulty defining it when asked. They are apt to say that it (behavior or personality in general) is something a person â€Å"has. † They describe the behavioral components of particular people in words like â€Å"friendly,† â€Å"nice,† â€Å"forceful,† or â€Å"aggressive,† to paint a picture of what they mean by the term and as a result end, instead, in vague descriptions of how a person usually behaves with other people. On the other hand, when we base our descriptions on concrete and observable actions that people commonly do or adapt, we come up with what experts call as â€Å"behavioral profile. † There are different styles of behavior as well as there are no right and wrong profile. When we come up with correct profiling, the expected result is that we develop ways of getting to know a more concise and accurate picture of ourselves, or people in general. Personality is more than poise, charm, or physical appearance. It includes habits, attitudes, and all the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possesses. However, to be more precise, the explicit behavioral styles covered in the course, perhaps, best captivate an individual’s personality and how he/she is understood. With the different behavioral styles, an overall pattern of various characteristics is seen. Like a â€Å"psychograph,† a person’s profile is pulled together and at a glance, the individual can be compared with other people in terms of relative strengths and weaknesses. A healthy personality does not mean it does not have any difficulties at all. It means that a person has the capabilities to withstand any turmoil or stress that come his way. He has learned the skills to make him adjust to the internal and external stresses; minimizing conflicts from within and without but in a healthy and normal functioning way. ~ How does personal growth occur in the context of your therapy? Personal growth occurs in the context of self-insights; insights concerning the workings of one’s mind in relation to the structures and stimuli around the person. He self-insight is very significant and crucial to the client for him to be able to work well with those who are there to assist in his recovery and eventual personal growth. †¢ What makes your theory work? Christian counselors are prepared to help their clients sort the distinctions and similarities between psychology and the Christian faith? This is important because basic to therapy success is that when therapist and client share similar worldviews, the therapy may then advance. Moreover, do Christian counselors and those in this kind of profession really pursue real interest and deep thirst for a systematic and regular study of the Bible? If they do not do so, they will be deficient of the overall grasp of the Bible’s structure and content and lack a working knowledge of basic biblical doctrines. A deep and thriving relationship and commitment to an equally gifted Bible – believing church will also benefit the counselor in his/her personal life and practice, thus a necessary requirement,. C. Key Concepts ~ Explain the primary points of your theory as if you were to summarize it quickly for someone The Psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and often unconscious struggles within the person. These usually involved conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. Not all of those who take a psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud’s original ideas, but most would view abnormal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freud’s camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). In the psychodynamic theory, the following three assumptions help guide a student of human behavior or an expert in this field determine the underlying factors that explain the overt manifestations of specific behaviors. These assumptions therefore, help guide the diagnosis of the presence or absence of mental illness. They are the same assumptions that guide the therapist in choosing what treatment that will better help heal, cure or alleviate the symptoms. These assumptions are: – â€Å"There are instinctive urges that drive personality formation. † – â€Å"Personality growth is driven by conflict and resolving anxieties. † – â€Å"Unresolved anxieties produce neurotic symptoms† (Source: Kaplan et al, 1994). The goals of treatment here include alleviating patient of the symptoms which specifically works to uncover and work through unconscious conflict. The task of psychodynamic therapy is â€Å"to make the unconscious conscious to the patient† (â€Å"Models of abnormality†, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. In the psychodynamic approach the treatment modality frequently used includes dreams and free association, at times hypnosis (as preferred by either the therapist or by the client). The therapist actively communicates with the client in the on-going sessions. The scenario appears that a given patient may have up to five times a week session and runs up to five years in length (Rubinstein et al. , 2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated primarily by Ellis and Beck â€Å"facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist. † With the idea that the counselor and patient together cooperate to attain a trusting relationship and agree which problems or issues need to come first in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the immediate and presenting problem that the client is suffering and complaining from takes precedence and must be addressed and focused in the treatment. There is instantaneous relief from the symptoms, and may be encouraged or spurred on to pursue in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible. The relief from the symptoms from the primary problem or issue will inspire the client to imagine or think that change is not impossible after all. In this model, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a client or patient comes into the healing relationship and the former’s role is to change or modify the latter’s maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview: a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future. Just as the cognitive-behavioral model also recognizes the concept of insight as well, this is only a matter of emphasis or focus. In behavioral/cognitive-behavioral therapies the focus is on the modification or control of behavior and insight usually becomes a tangential advantage. Techniques include CBT through such strategy as cognitive restructuring and the current frequently used REBT for Rational Emotive-Behavior Therapy where irrational beliefs are eliminated by examining them in a rational manner (Corey, 2004; Davison and Neale, 2001). Whereas in insight therapies the focus or emphasis is on the patient’s ability in understanding his/her issues basing on his inner conflicts, motives and fears. Coaching the patient on the step by step procedure of CBT is a basic and fundamental ingredient. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior. His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be â€Å"reorganized. † For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). D. Therapeutic Goals ~ What are your general goals in therapy? Christian counseling admittedly embraces in reality, a basic integration of the biblical precepts on the view of man and psychology’s scientific breakthroughs in addressing the dilemmas that beset human individuals. Depending on the persuasion of the practitioner, especially whether he or she comes from either the purely theological or â€Å"secular† preparation, Christian counseling can either lean to certain degrees of theology or psychology. According to Larry Crabb, â€Å"If psychology offers insights which will sharpen our counseling skills and increase our effectiveness, we want to know them. If all problems are at core spiritual matters we don’t want to neglect the critically necessary resources available through the Lord by a wrong emphasis on psychological theory† (Crabb in Anderson et al, 2000). Dr. Crabb’s position certainly ensures that science in particular, has its place in counseling in as much as theology does. He made sure that all means are addressed as the counselor approaches his profession, especially in the actual conduction of both the diagnostic and therapeutic or intervention phases (Crabb in Anderson et al. , 2000). Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent years. Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved one’s attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the worsening situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006). The acute crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatening events and feel overwhelmed with difficulty resolving the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives. They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with dysfunctional conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). How to cite Amalgam Model, Papers